What are the applications of catalysts in the field of environmental protection?
2025-10-16
Catalysts are widely used in the field of environmental protection, with the core function being to reduce pollutant emissions and purify environmental media through catalytic reactions. The following are the main application areas:
1. Catalytic applications for exhaust gas purification
Industrial flue gas treatment: For sulfides and nitrogen oxides emitted by industries such as chemical engineering and refining, these substances are converted into harmless materials or recyclable resources using hydrogenation catalysts and desulfurization catalysts.
Motor vehicle exhaust purification: Using three-way catalysts, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and hydrocarbons in the exhaust are converted into carbon dioxide, nitrogen gas, and water, thereby reducing atmospheric pollution.
VOCs Treatment: Using catalytic combustion catalysts, VOCs are oxidized and decomposed into harmless gases at lower temperatures, making this method suitable for industries such as painting and printing.
2. Catalytic Applications in Wastewater Treatment
Advanced Oxidation Technologies: Utilizing systems such as photocatalysis and Fenton catalysis to generate highly oxidative free radicals, which degrade refractory organic pollutants in wastewater, including dyes and pesticide residues.
Heavy-metal removal: Using catalytic reduction catalysts, high-valent heavy-metal ions in wastewater are reduced to lower valence states or elemental forms, facilitating their subsequent separation and removal and reducing the risk of water body pollution.
3. Catalytic Applications in Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery
Waste incineration flue gas purification: Utilizing dechlorination, desulfurization, and denitrification catalysts to treat the toxic and harmful gases generated by waste incineration, thereby preventing secondary pollution.
Solid Waste Resource Utilization: Through catalytic conversion technologies, agricultural and forestry waste, industrial slag, and other solid wastes are transformed into biofuels and chemical feedstocks, thereby achieving resource recycling.
4. New Energy and Low-Carbon Catalysis Applications
Carbon Dioxide Conversion: Utilizing catalytic technologies to hydrogenate carbon dioxide into chemicals such as methanol and olefins, or into fuels, thereby supporting the “dual-carbon” goals.
Hydrogen Production and Purification: By leveraging technologies such as water electrolysis catalysis for hydrogen production and fuel cell catalysis, we can promote the application of clean energy and reduce pollution caused by reliance on fossil fuels.
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What are the development trends of catalysts in catalytic applications for exhaust gas purification?
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